先秦生态观念与政治文明及其当代启示

The Modern Enlightenment of the Ecological Concept and the Political Civilization in the Pre-Qin Period

先秦时期的生态观念对政治生态的改善与政治文明的建设起促进作用,主要表现在四个方面:其一,自然生态与政治生态两者相辅相成,山川水土与社会风气相关,晋国迁都也考虑自然生态问题;其二,以自然生态的恶化或发生的变故来警示政治生态的恶化以及将要发生的政治变故;其三,以自然生态的治理经验引导政治文明建设,如以疏导治水之法开放民间舆论,以依时种植之道指导治国理政;其四,以政治力量来保护自然生态,如以行政之力实施良罟之法,对污染水源之人拘捕,以及处罚祭祀时斩伐树木的官员。自然生态观念体现着人类社会的政治文明程度,先秦时期的生态观念对当下社会生态环境保护与建设有着重要的启示作用:一是自然生态与人紧密相关,二是解决问题须兼顾人与自然和谐发展。

The ecological concept in the pre-Qin period has played a positive role in the improvement of political ecology and the construction of political civilization . There are four main aspects. Initially , the natural ecology and the political ecology are integrally joined, and complementary to each other.Mountains and rivers are related to general mood of society. It also considered the natural ecology in the capital moving of State of Jin. Furthermore, with the deterioration of natural ecology or the occurrence of the unforeseen events, it warns us about the deterioration of political ecology and the unforeseen events of politic which are going to happen. Additionally, with the experience of ecological management, it guides us in the construction of political civilization . For example, the government should open public opinion, the same as we should divert the flood when it comes, and it guided us in governing the country according to the way of planting in time. Finally, we can protect the natural ecology according to administrative force. For instance, We should ensure the implementation of the law through administrative force. W e should arrest the people who pollute the water, and penalize officials who cuts trees when they offer sacrifices to gods or ancestors. According to the concept of natural ecology, we can know the level of political civilization in human society. The ecological concept of the pre-Qin period has important implications for the protection and construction of the social ecology environment. On the one hand, people is closely related to the natural ecology; On the other hand it is important for us to take into account a harmonious coexistence between man and nature.