小儿手术伤口感染原因调查及防治措施

Investigation on the Reasons of Surgical Wound Infection in Children andPrevention and Cure Measures

目的 分析小儿手术伤口感染原因,探究防治措施.方法 选取686 例于2014 年1月到2015 年12 月来我院小儿外科治疗的患儿,回顾分析患儿伤口感染情况及临床资料.结果 多人病房伤口感染率明显高于单人病房及双人病房（P 〈 0. 05）,患儿性别与伤口感染率差异无统计学意义（P 〉 0.05）;年龄≤ 3 岁患儿、住院时间〉 5 天、低体重患儿伤口感染率明显高于年龄〉 3 岁、住院时间≤ 5 天、体重正常及超重患儿（P 〈 0. 05）;手术时间〉 1h、Ⅲ类手术切口、医务人员年资≤ 5 年的患儿伤口感染率明显高于手术时间≤ 1h、Ⅰ类及Ⅱ类患儿伤口感染率明显高于〉 5 年者（P 〈 0. 05）.结论 多人病房、患儿年龄小、住院时间长、低体重、高切口等级以及低年资医务人员等均为小儿手术伤口感染的主要原因,加强病房环境卫生管理,做好手术前期准备,加强术中医务人员无菌操作意识,加强伤口护理等,可有效降低小儿手术伤口感染发生率.

Objective To analysis of the causes of surgical wound infection in children, and to investigate prevention andtreatment measures. Methods A total of 686 children treated in our pediatric surgery were enrolled from January 2014 toDecember 2015. The wound infection and clinical data of children were retrospectively analyzed. Results The wound infectionrate of the multi - person ward was significantly higher than that of the single ward and the double ward （P〈0.05）. Therewas no significant difference in wound infection rate between male and female （P〉0.05）. The children, aged no more than 3years, hospitalized more than 5 days, and low weight had a significantly higher infection than those aged more than 3 years,hospitalized no more than 5 days, normal or overweight （P〈0.05）. The children, operated more than 1 hour, III operativeincision, medical staff less than 5 years had a significantly higher infection than those operated no more than 1 hour, I orII operative incision （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The main reasons for pediatric wound infection are as followed： Multi-personward, children younger, long hospital stay, low weight, high incision grade and low-grade medical staff. The ward sanitationmanagement, preoperative preparation, medical staff aseptic consciousness, and wound care can effectively reduce theincidence of surgical wound infection in children.