高含油互叶白千层高效栽培配套技术研究

Support Cultivation Technology of High-essential-oil Melaleuca altennifolia

对比高含油互叶白千层组培苗不同种植密度的枝叶产量,开展种植密度、采收高度、采收时间对采收后死亡率的影响试验,以及不同季节枝叶含油率的检测,比较了组培苗与扦插苗的抗寒性。结果表明:种植密度为22 500株·hm^(-2)的栽培模式经济效益最高,当年枝叶产量可达37.8t·hm^(-2),逐年递增,至第4年产量稳定,达43.95t·hm^(-2);采收高度对死亡率影响达显著水平,最佳采收高度50cm;最佳采收季节为11月上中旬;组培苗抗寒性明显优于扦插苗。

Leaf-production of a high-essential-oil variety of Melaleuca alternifolia was studied to improve the cultivation based on tissue-culture of the plant.Planting density,plant height and time at harvest,as well as mortality rates of the seedlings started with tissues and cuttings were determined on a field experimentation.Content of essential oils in the leaves on the seedlings in different seasons and low-temperature tolerance of the seedlings grown from tissue-culture and cuttings were monitored.The results showed that the highest leaf yield up to 37.8tons per hectare was achieved when a planting density was 22,500 seedlings per hectare.The yield increased continuously year after year,and became stabilized at approximately 43.95 tons per hectare in the 4th year.The plant height at time of leaf-harvesting significantly affected mortality rate of the plants.For best results,the optimum harvest was to be carried out when a plant was 50 cm high and in mid-November.The low-temperature tolerance of the seedlings started with tissue-culture was found superior to those began with plant cuttings.