密立根油滴实验数据处理方法改进

Data processing method in Millikan oil-drop experiment:an improvement

密立根油滴实验数据处理中传统的作图法具有简单直观的优点,但是也存在对数据精度要求高、只能针对少量数据和只适用于手工操作的不足。为了解决作图法存在的局限性,设计了一种算法,使用计算机寻找作图法中的直线最优解,并可以绘制出数据处理图像。通过多次实验对比发现,此方法对测量数据精确度要求不高,而且适用于大量测量数据的元电荷寻找。该方法可以快速精确地找出基本电荷估计值,而且通过图像可以直观地评估实验数据的好坏程度,在实验教学中具有应用价值。

Traditionally, the data gotten in Millikan oil drop experiment is treated with graphing method. Though it is simple and visualized, it can only manually treat few data with high precision. In this study, a Matab-based algorithm was designed to find the optimal linear solution in graphing method. By plotting the graph, the elementary charge could be found easily. The practical results showed that this method did not require high precision experiment data and could process data in a large number. By such method, the elementary charge can be quickly and easily found, and the precision ofexperiment data can be intuitively assessed.