论环境损害赔偿与救济的特殊性

On Particularity of Environmental Damage Compensation and Relief

传统民事损害赔偿以填补损害为目标,以假定损害具有可弥补性为基本前提。环境损害具有不可弥补性或难以弥补性。将环境损害赔偿与救济局限于填补损害,难免出现救济效果上的"南辕北辙"。对于不可弥补性、难以弥补性损害,最佳的责任方案是防止损害的发生。因此,应当以预防目标为指导思想,创设环境损害赔偿与救济的预防性责任方式,对停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险责任方式的改造是预防性责任方式的主要形式,生态修复是预防性责任方式的辅助形式。

The traditional civil damage compensation takes “filling the damage ” as the goal, that is to take the assumption that the damage can be filled as the basic premise. The functions of the environmental damage compensation and relief are limited to filling damage, which can not have a proper effect. For the damage which can not be filled or is difficult to fill, the best way is to prevent the damage from happening. Therefore, we should put the prevention as the guiding principle and create a new way of preventive liabil-ity of environmental damage compensation and relief. The transformation of ways of stopping the infringe-ment ,removing the obstacles, and eliminating the danger are the main forms of preventive liability. Eco-logical restoration is an auxiliary form of preventive liability.