从条约必须信守原则分析《中英联合声明》的履行

The Implementation of the Sino-British Joint Declaration： A Perspective on the principle of Pacta Suntservanda

条约必须信守原则是国际条约法最重要的一条原则。中国以制定《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》（以下简称《香港基本法》）的方式将在《中华人民共和国政府和大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国关于香港问题的联合声明》（以下简称《中英联合声明》）中承担的义务转化为国内法,《香港基本法》的内容与《中英联合声明》是一致的,从而中国恪守了条约必须信守原则,善意履行了《中英联合声明》的义务。《香港基本法》的立法依据不是《中英联合声明》,而只能是中国《宪法》。英国同样必须遵守条约必须信守原则,善意解释《中英联合声明》,且不能将它对《中英联合声明》的理解和解释强加于中国。美国无权援引《中英联合声明》,它对香港事务的介入违反了国际法。

The principle of pacta suntservanda is the most important principle in international treaty law. China has transformed the obligation under the Sino-British Joint Declaration into domestic law by formulating the Basic Law of Hong Kong. The content of the Basic Law is consistent with the Joint Declaration. Thus, China has adhered to the principle of pacta suntservanda and fulfilled the obligation under the Joint Declaration in good faith. The legislative basis of the Basic Law is not the Joint Declaration, but only the China＇ s Constitution. The UK must also abide by the principle of pacta suntservanda and interpret the Joint Declaration with good faith. And the UK should not impose its understanding and interpretation on China. The United States is not entitled to invoke the Joint Declaration, and its intervention in Hong Kong affairs is in violation of international law.