“皆”的语法功能探究——以出土医书和传世医书为中心的考察

Exploring the Grammatical Functions of Jie(皆)——An Investigation Centered on Excavated Medical Books and Handed Medical Literature

20世纪以来,出土了大量简帛文献,其中有很多佚医书,这些佚医书无论是对语言学界还是医学界都有着巨大的学术价值。与传世文献相比,出土文献因长期埋藏于地下未经流传过程中的修改,具有极大的真实性和可靠性,因此,简帛医书中的语法现象是靠得住的。通过考察医书中"皆"的范围指向和语义指向,发现了一些新的语法特点:"皆"的范围指向表示的人和事物是群体或者一系列动作行为的集合体;"皆"的语义指向在形容词谓语句和主谓谓语句中指向同一层面谓语部分,在动词谓语句和名词谓语句中指向上位层面的主语和下位层面的谓语或宾语,偶尔可以指向补语和状语。

Since the 20th century, unearthing a large number of silk, there are a lot of reporting medical books, the reporting used both in linguistics or in the medical profession has great academic value. Compared with the literature handed down from ancient times, excavated documents for trapped underground for a long time without the changes in the process of circulating, authenticity and reliability of the great.By Investigating into Jie＇ s（皆） scope of the point and the characteristics of the semantic direction in medical books literature. The author obtained that the scope of Jie＇ s（皆） must be a group of people and things or a series of actions. Jie＇ s（皆） semantic orientation was more complex. Jie（皆） referred to the same level In the adjective predicate sen- tences and subject-predicate sentence predicate part. Jie（皆） referred to a level of the subject up and lower level of an object in the predicate verb and noun predicate sentences, which can point to adverbial and complement once in a while.