清代前期英国东印度公司对华贸易管理机构探析

Study on the Management Institute of Trade to China of British East India Company in the Early Qing Qynasty

在近代中西贸易中,英国东印度公司来华的大班是公司的商业代理人,组成了公司对华贸易的管理机构大班委员会。其组织形式经历了单船大班委员会、联合大班委员会、联合常驻大班委员会和特别选举委员会四个发展阶段,其中临时增加了"秘密及监督委员会"与"秘密委员会"两个特殊机构。英国东印度公司是近代史上英国殖民扩张的机器,它通过军事和商业贸易的方式从东方获取巨大的财富,为英国从商业资本主义向工业资本主义的发展提供了雄厚的资金,也为英国从民族国家走向世界殖民性帝国奠定了坚实的物质基础。其公司对华贸易管理机构的制度建设对公司的发展壮大起了巨大的推动作用。

In the modern Chinese and western trade, the Supercagoes from British East India Company to China who were the company＇s commerce agents formed the Supercargo Committee. Supercargo Committee came through such four phrases as Single - ship Supercargo Committee, Union Supercargo Committee, Union Permanent Supercargo Committee and Speical Election Committee, among which the Secret and Supervision Committee and Secret Committee were established. British East India Company was regarded as the tool for British colonial？ expansion, which used military and business trade to acquire great forture from eastern countries. It provided the tremendous fund for the development of industry capitalism from commercial capitalism in Britain and also established the strong material base for the British position from a national country to a world colonial empire. The building of management institute of trade to China system had great impact on the development of the company.