逆向喷流技术在高超声速飞行器上的应用

Applications of counterflowing jet technology in hypersonic vehicle

高阻力和强烈的气动加热是高超声速飞行器气动设计研究中遇到的两个主要问题。作为一种主动流动控制技术,逆向喷流因其在减阻防热方面的良好效果日益成为研究热点。本文围绕逆向喷流技术在不同外形飞行器上的应用,梳理了其技术发展情况,包括逆向喷流的压比、质量流率以及冷却剂等关键参数的研究,逆向喷流可有效应用于高速再入体的防热,钝头体和升力体的减阻。对其自身表现出的典型物理现象,如流动模态转换、自激振荡的机理进行了详细分析,同时介绍了作者所在研究团队在逆向喷流技术应用于高超声速飞行器上所取得的研究成果,包括飞行器升阻比的提升效果以及滑翔状态下逆向喷流的周期性振荡特性,为此技术在未来的进一步工程化应用提供一定参考及借鉴。

High drag force and strong aerodynamic heating are two main toltome aerodynamic layout design of hypersonic vehicles. As one kind of active flow control technologies, counterflowing jet has become a research hotspot because of its capability on drag and heat load reduction. This paper focuses on the application of counterflowing jet technology in different shapes on the vehicles, and the developments of key parameters for the technology are reviewed, including pressure ratio, mass flow rate, and the coolant. This technology can be effectively applied to the thermal protection of high speed reentry capsule and the drag reduction of blunt body and lifting body. The typical physical phenomena displayed by eounterflowing jet, such as flow mode transformation and the mechanism of self-sustained oscillation, are analyzed in detail by means of experimental and numerical methods. At the same time, we introduce the application results of counterflowing jet technology in hypersonic lifting-body vehicles obtained by our research team, including the increment in lift to drag ratio of the lifting-body vehicle and periodic oscillation characteristics of the counterflowing jet at a certain angle of attack. These results can be used to provide a reference for further engineering application of counterflowing jet.