飞行器气动外形设计方法研究与进展

Aerodynamic shape design methods for aircraft:status and trends

计算机技术与计算流体力学的不断发展带动了飞行器气动外形设计学科的巨大进步,气动外形设计方法经历了从"Cut-and-Try"到反设计再到优化设计,气动分析方法从依赖风洞试验到低可信度CFD计算再到高可信度CFD计算。随着气动外形设计方法的不断发展以及对飞行器性能要求的不断提高,气动设计对象、设计状态、优化模型、约束条件等都在变得越来越复杂与精细化,使得气动外形设计方法面临新的考验与挑战。本文根据作者及课题组多年研究的积累,结合国内外相关的研究成果,系统地回顾了飞行器气动外形设计方法的研究进展,对当前气动设计方法面临的新问题与新挑战进行了总结,并对未来气动外形设计的研究方向进行了展望。

The continuous development of computer technology and computational fluid dynamics has led to great progress in aerodynamic shape design methods. Aerodynamic design methods have been developed from cut-and-try to reverse design and further to optimal design. Aerodynamic analysis methods have been evolved from wind tunnel test to low fidelity computational fluid dynamics （CFD） and then to high fidelity CFD simulation. With the higher and higher requirements regarding aircraft performance, the design conditions, optimization models and design constraints are becoming more and more complex. Consequently, the continuously increasing number of design variables and design goals lead to new challenges for aerodynamic design methods. Based on years of research experiences by the author and author＇s team and the domestic and abroad related research findings, aerodynamic shape design methods are systematically reviewed in the present paper. New problems and challenges in aerodynamic design are summarized. Moreover, future research trends of aerodynamic shape design are prospected.