植物气孔发育的分子遗传调控

Molecular genetic control of plant stomatal development

气孔广泛存在于植物地上组织和器官的表皮,是植物与外界环境进行气体交换的主要门户,调节光合作用和蒸腾作用等生理活动.原表皮细胞经过一系列固定的分裂和分化,最终产生成熟气孔.在气孔发育过程中,bHLH转录因子调控气孔细胞的起始、扩增和分化,受体-配体、MAPK信号级联介导的细胞间通讯确保正确的气孔发育图式的形成,极性蛋白调节气孔细胞不均等分裂的方向.此外,植物激素和环境因子也影响气孔发育.这些因子共同构建出植物气孔发育的分子遗传调控网络.

Stomata widely exist in the epidermis of plant shoot.They are the main passageway for gas exchange between plants and the environment.Stomata regulate many physiological processes,such as photosynthesis and transpiration.The protodermal cells undergo a series of stereotypical cell divisions and differentiation,and finally produce stomata.Several transcription factors control the initiation,proliferation and differentiation of stomatal cells in different developmental stages.The cell-cell communication,which is mediated by the ligand-receptor and MAPK cascade,ensures correct stoamtal patterning.A few polarity proteins have been reported to direct the orientation of asymmetric cell divisions.Additionally,plant hormones and environmental factors also influence stomatal development.All these factors together build the molecular genetic network of stomatal development.In this review,we summarize the recent advances of the network.