植物特有微丝结合蛋白研究进展

Novel actin-binding-proteins in plants

微丝骨架存在于所有真核生物,并且参与了诸多重要的细胞生物学过程和生理活动.微丝骨架在不同的细胞类型和生物学过程中呈现出各自特异的结构和动态变化模式,此过程由许多不同生化特性的微丝结合蛋白(ABPs)家族成员直接调控.不同真核生物的肌动蛋白(actin)都具有较高的同源性和相似的调控过程,但是由于动物和植物在某些特定的组织结构、生理特性等方面存在本质上的不同,进而导致动植物的微丝动态调控机制存在一定差异.ABPs和actin存在共进化的关系,由此许多动物和植物的ABPs也相应地产生了差异.例如,许多哺乳动物和酵母中保守的ABPs在植物基因组中不存在;一系列植物特有的ABPs被相继发现;部分哺乳动物中保守的ABPs成员或一些非ABPs在植物中也演化出了新的生化特性和微丝调控活性.本文概述了目前已发现的植物特有ABPs及其生化特性和生理学功能,归纳了植物中探究新ABPs的研究思路和方法,并对未来植物微丝骨架的研究方向和可能的研究热点进行了展望.

The actin cytoskeleton participates in numerous intracellular and physiological processes,and is present in all eukaryote.Tight regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization and dynamics is regulated by a plethora of actin-binding proteins（ABPs）,which is the foundation of cellular processes.Although actin is highly conserved and the mechanisms underlying the regulation of actin dynamics are similar in eukaryotic cells,there are some differences between animal and plant cells owing to the diversity of cell type and living habits.ABPs coevolved with actin leading to the diverse biochemical functions of ABPs in eukaryote,such as several ABPs disappearing but conserved in animal and yeast,novel plants ABPs arising,typical ABPs and non-ABPs evolving into new actin-regulating function and activity.This review summarizes the latest progress in the function of novel plants ABPs and the methods for searching new ABPs in plants.Finally,we discuss the future studies and potential research hotspots in plant actin cytoskeleton.