坦桑尼亚大学开展创业教育的机遇与挑战

Implementing Entrepreneurship Education in Tanzanian Universities: Opportunities and Challenges

作为世界上最贫穷的国家之一,坦桑尼亚寄希望于通过大学创业教育所培养出的创业型人才来激发经济发展和降低失业率,因此,政府指引大学通过转变培养目标或办学定位、构建跨学科创业课程体系和成立创业发展研究院等举措来开展创业教育,但在实践过程中,由于缺乏有利的创业环境、大学内部不同院系缺乏多方参与和缺乏创业背景出身的创业教师,导致效果不甚理想。从坦桑尼亚大学开展的创业教育中可以看出,完善的法律、财务制度、人力资源、市场等辅助服务系统是初创企业发展的基石,政府在推行大学开展创业教育上应该弱化过程监管,高校则应该打破学科壁垒构建起跨学科创业教育教学的通力合作模式。

As one of the poorest countries on the earth, Tanzania anchors its hope on entrepreneurial talents cultivated by university entrepreneurship education to stimulate its economic development and reduce unemployment rate. Following the national guide, the universities have taken measures to implement entrepreneurship education, such as transforming its education targets or missions, constructing cross-disciplinary entrepreneurship curricular systems and founding entrepreneurship development institute. However, due to lack of supportive entrepreneurship environment, lack of participation from different units at the university level, lack of entrepreneurship faculties in the practical process, the development is stuck and unsatisfactory. From the experience of implementing entrepreneurship education, we found that assistant service system consist of comprehensive laws, finance, human resources, market and the like is the base of startups; the government should decontrol the process supervision while the university delivering entrepreneurship education; the universities should break discipline boundaries and form the collaborative model of cross-disciplinary entrepreneurship education instruction.