西方主流经济学全要素生产率理论的实践检视与方法论反思——一个马克思主义政治经济学的分析框架

A Practical Investigation and Methodological Reflection on Western Mainstream Economic Theory of Total Factor Productivity under an Analytical Framework of Marxist Political Economics

全要素生产率分析是建立在"斯密教条"和萨伊"三位一体公式"基础之上的。由于全要素生产率是产出增长率扣除各要素投入的增长率后的余值,所以对要素的有效分解和增长贡献的精确度量就成为全要素生产率分析的前提。要素价值论自身的混乱和遮蔽价值来源的本质,使全要素生产率理论在应用上遭遇诸如价值源泉的错设使要素分解无法真实反映要素的增长贡献、资本和技术的不可分析性使要素贡献无法被有效分解以及"劳动要素化"分析使其无法真实反映增长的动力等现实困境。资本、劳动、技术等要素的内在关联性和彼此间的共线性使建立其上的全要素生产率的度量充满了含混和不确定性。转变经济发展方式和培育增长的新动能的政策设计不能完全以全要素生产率为依据和目标,而应在生产力和生产关系辩证统一的框架下,既要激励生产力层面的因素又要激励生产关系层面的因素,以提高全社会的劳动生产力,进而塑造以人民为中心的发展机制。

Total factor productivity is based on'Adam Smith’s doctrines'and Say’s'trinity formula'.Since Total factor productivity equals to the residual value of output growth rate deducted by factor inputs,effective disintegration of factors and accurate measurement of growth contribution comes as the premise of productivity analysis.The endogenous disorder and disguised origin of value in factor value theory makes the application of total factor productivity grappled with numerous realistic predicaments,in which the wrong set of value origin leads to the failure of demonstrating real growth contribution through factor disintegration,the analytical impossibility of capital and technology results in ineffective factor disassembling,and the analysis of'labor factor'hardly mirrors the driving force for growth.The internal connection and collinearity among capital,labor,and technology makes it vague and inaccurate for the measurement of total factor productivity which is based on those mentioned principles.The policy designing for transforming economic development and cultivating new driving force for economic growth could never wholly set total factor productivity as its reference and goal.Instead,under the dialectical framework of productivity and productive relations,we shall stimulate factors of the two so as to promote the social productivity of labors and set up a people-oriented development mechanism.