“非达尔文”进化论的三种模式

Three Non-Darwinian Theories of Evolution

拉马克主义、直生论、突变论是现代综合进化论形成之前出现的三种不同于达尔文主义的进化论模式。三者各自的进展对应于解剖学研究在胚胎、细胞、基因层面的逐级深入。当遗传学发展成熟并使生命世界的微观图景足够清晰,自然选择学说才得以在突变论的"掩护"下走出误区。生命不是环境对自身的一维塑造,而是环境基于复制机制的三维展开。

There are three non - Darwinian theories of evolution before the modern evolutionary synthesis ： Lamarckism, orthogenesis and mutationism. It seems that they had respectively co - progressed with the anatomy on the levels of embryology, cytology and genetics. It is Genetics and mutationism that modernized Darwinism by reconceptualizing ＂natural selection＂. The biggest misunderstanding of the pre - modern evolutionism is that all variation of life is triggered by environment which actually combines gene duplication, mutation and development into being the evolution of a ＂life＂.