汤姆·雷根的内在价值和固有价值

On Tom Reagan's Intrinsic Value and Inherent Value

Intrinsic value和inherent value有着重要的语义区分。在雷根的理论中,具有道德重要性的是inherent value,而非intrinsic value。这是因为,内在价值(intrinsic value)与功利主义紧密地结合在一起,会侵害个体的合法权益。内在价值是个体作为生命主体的必要条件,而生命主体标准又是固有价值(inherent value)的充分条件。然则,固有价值实际上不是主张生命主体的道德权利的充要条件。非人存在没有权利,人类拥有权利也不是因为他们是具备固有价值的生命主体,而在于他们是人。

There is an important semantic distinction between intrinsic value and inherent value. In Reagan＇s theory, what has moral importance is inherent value, rather than intrinsic value. The reason is that intrinsic value is closely combined with utilitarianism which will violate the legitimate rights and interests of the individuals. Intrinsic value is necessary for individual as subject - of - a - life whose criterion is sufficient for inherent value. Nonetheless, inherent value is actually not sufficient and necessary for the moral rights of subjects - of - a - life. Non - human existence has no rights. The reason that humans have rights is not that they are subjects - of - a - life possessing inherent value, hut that they are humans.