生物炭与氮肥配施对牡丹叶片氮素营养和籽粒品质的影响

Effects of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer application on nitrogen nutrition in leaves and seed quality of tree peony

利用田间小区试验,设计生物炭用量为0(B_0)、1 kg·m^(-2)2(B_1)、2 kg·m^(-2)2(B_2)3个水平,氮肥用量为0(N_0)、40 g·m^(-2)2(N_1)、60 g·m^(-2)2(N_2)3个水平,即B_0N_0、B_0N_1、B_0N_2、B_1N_0、B_1N_1、B_1N_2、B_2N_0、B_2N_1和B_2N_2共9个处理,研究了生物炭与氮肥配施对牡丹叶片的氮素积累、叶片氮素向籽粒转移、籽粒蛋白氮、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量,以及籽粒产量和品质的影响.结果表明:生物炭与氮肥配施增加了牡丹不同发育时期叶片中蛋白氮和非蛋白氮含量,以及叶片氮素向籽粒的转移量和籽粒氮素积累量.与B_0N_0处理相比,B_1N_1处理叶片氮素转移量和籽粒氮素积累量分别增加27.6%和27.1%;B_1N_1和B_2N_1处理牡丹籽粒百粒重和籽粒产量分别增加13.6%和16.4%,其中籽粒产量在B_1N_1、B_1N_2、B_2N_1和B_2N_2处理间差异不显著;B_2N_1和B_1N_2处理牡丹籽粒蛋白氮和总氨基酸含量较高,分别增加29.3%和36.2%.生物炭与氮肥配施增加了牡丹籽粒中总脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸的含量,其中,B_2N_1处理总脂肪酸含量较高,比B_0N_0处理增加了17.4%.生物炭与氮肥配施能够增加牡丹叶片氮素积累量和叶片氮素向籽粒的转移量,增加籽粒产量,提高牡丹籽粒蛋白氮、氨基酸和脂肪酸的含量,其中以生物炭1 kg·m^(-2)2与氮肥40 g·m^(-2)2配施效果较好.

The objective of this experiment was to explore the effects of biochar and nitrogen application on nitrogen accumulation and translocation of leaves, seed yield and quality of tree peony. The field experiment was conducted with three biochar levels, 0 （B0）, 1 kg·m^-2（B1）, 2 kg·m^-2（B2） applied, and three nitrogen application rates, no nitrogen application （N0）, 40 g·m^-2（N1）, 60 g·m^-2（N2） employed. There are in total 9 treatments, including B0N0, B0N1, B0N2,B1N0, B1N1, B1N2, B2N0, B2N1 and B2N2. The results showed that the biochar and nitrogen fertilizer application increased the contents of protein N and nonprotein N in leaves at different stages, as well as the N translocation from leaves to seeds and the N accumulation in seeds. N translocation from leaves to seeds and the N accumulation in seeds under B1N1 increased by 27.6% and 27.1%, respectively, compared with B0N0. Greater 100seed mass and seed yield were obtained under B1N1 and B2N1, respectively, and increased by 13.6% and 16.4% compared with the B0N0. No significant difference was found among B1N1, B1N2, B2N1 and B2N2 when it came to yield per plant. The higher contents of protein N and total amino acid in seeds were obtained under B2N1 and B1N2 respectively, increased by 29.3% and 36.2% compared with B0N0. The biochar and nitrogen application increased the contents of total fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid in seeds, and the higher content of total fatty acid was obtained under B2N1, increased by 17.4% compared with B0N0. The biochar and nitrogen application could increase the N accumulation in leaves and the N translocation from leaves to seeds, the seed yield and the contents of protein N, amino acid and fatty acid. The biochar input of 1 kg·m^-2 and the nitrogen fertilizer input of 40 g·m^-2 could lead to better results.