我国“医养一体化”服务模式的供需矛盾及对策

Contradiction between Supply and Demand of “Integration of Medicine and Nursing” Service Model and Its Countermeasures in China

目的:为加快推进"健康中国2030"发展战略下"医养一体化"改革进程提供借鉴与参考。方法:采用文献分析法,分析现阶段我国"医养一体化"服务模式的需求特征和供给现状,探讨制约我国"医养一体化"服务模式发展的瓶颈,提出对策与建议。结果与结论:"医养一体化"是我国养老服务发展的一种新模式,全国范围内尚处于探索实践阶段,尚存在养老床位严重不足、民办养老机构参与度低、"医养一体化"养老服务质量有待提升、养老机构市场竞争感不强、社会力量参与度有待提高、医养护人员需求缺口大、高水平医养护人才匮乏等瓶颈问题。我国应清晰定位"医养一体化"养老服务模式、完善"医养一体化"监管制度、建立医养机构服务投诉机制、鼓励多元社会力量积极参与、扩宽"医养一体化"融资渠道、搭建"医养一体化"服务信息共享平台、设立老年人电子健康档案、建立医养护人员培训机制等,以促进"医养一体化"改革进程的加速发展。

OBJECTIVE： To provide experience and reference for the reform of ＂integration of medicine and nursing＂ under the strategy of ＂Health China 2030＂. METHODS： By literature analysis, the demand characteristics and supply situation of ＂inte- gration of medicine and nursing＂ service model in China were analyzed. The development bottleneck of ＂integration of medicine and nursing＂ service model in China was discussed to put forward and suggestions. RESULTS＆CONCLUSIONS： ＂Integration of medicine and nursing＂ is a new model of the development of pension services in China. Throughout whole country, it is still in the stage of exploration and practice. There are some problems, such as serious inadequate beds, low participation of private pension institutions, pension service quality of ＂integration of medicine and nursing＂ having to be improved, weak market competition of pension institutions, social forces participation having to be improved, big demand gap of medical and nursing staff, inadequate high-quality medical and nursing talent. A clear positioning of ＂integration of medicine and nursing＂ service model in China should be put forward and ＂integration of medicine and nursing＂ monitoring system should be improved. It is suggested to establish service complaint mechanism of pension institutions, encourage the active participation of diverse social forces, broaden the financing channels of ＂integration of medicine and nursing＂, build service information sharing platform of ＂integration of medi- cine and nursing＂, establish electronic health records for the elderly and set up maintenance personnel training mechanism so as to promote the rapid development of the reform of ＂integration of medicine and nursing＂.