基于水环境承载力评价的产业选择——以扬州市北部沿湖地区为例

Selecting industries based on evaluation of the water environment's carrying capacity: a case study of the Northern Lakeside Region of Yangzhou City

区域的产业发展与该区域的自然和社会经济因素密切相关,对于水网稠密地区,水环境承载力是影响产业结构和布局优化的重要自然因子之一。选择江苏省境内跨长江与淮河两大流域的典型水网密集区——扬州市北部沿湖(邵伯湖)地区为研究区,选取水网构成指数、水利设施调控指数和水质达标差距指数3个指标,评价研究区水环境承载能力,并探讨水环境承载力与不同产业结构的联系,为该地区产业结构布局和优化提供建议。结果表明研究区水环境承载力"高"、"较高"、"中等"、"较低"和"低"5个等级分别占研究区总面积的0.38%、21.74%、29.67%、13.65%和34.56%。根据研究区水环境承载力空间差异和水环境承载力与不同产业的联系,以选择生态涵养型产业为基本导向,以兼具开发适宜性和环境保护重要性为基本原则,提出应根据研究区水环境承载力水平不均衡的特点实施差别化的产业结构与布局方案,邵伯湖湖区及入湖河道下游等水环境承载力高和较高地区适宜发展特色水产与特色水禽的生态养殖业;沿湖、沿河及南部槐泗等水环境承载力中等地区适宜发展现代生态种植业及湖泊生态旅游业;河流中上游等水环境承载力低和较低地区适宜发展大宗农作物的种植。

Natural and social conditions play a considerable role in regional industrial development and distribution. The water environment＇s carrying capacity, a major natural factor, has a direct effect on the development of regional industry, particularly in regions with dense water networks. The northern lakeside region of Yangzhou City, which belongs to both the Yangtze and Huaihe basins, was taken as a typical case to discuss the relationship between the water environment＇s carrying capacity and industrial development. First, we divided the study area into a series of ecological units, 500 m×500 m in size. Second, three indexes （including the drainage component index, water conservancy facilities index, and discrepancy of water quality index） were generated to evaluate the water environment＇s carrying capacity for each ecological unit through the ＂multi-factor comprehensive analysis＂ method. Then, the carrying capacity was classified into five levels, namely：＂highest＂, ＂higher＂, ＂general＂, ＂lower＂, and ＂lowest＂, which accounted for 0.38%, 21.74%, 29.67%, 13.65%, and 34.56% of the total area, respectively. Considering the spatial difference of the water environment＇s carrying capacity and the overall deployment of the national economy, it is appropriate to develop modern ecological agriculture and lake tourism in the study area. These industries are regarded as environmentally friendly or ecological conservation-oriented industries, which belong to the category of green industry. On the one hand, modern ecological agriculture is an important choice for the transformation and development of traditional agriculture. On the other hand, developing a lake-tourism industry is the best way to take full advantage of the rich wetland resources, lake landscape, and modern water conservancy projects. In particular, areas of the Shaobo Lake and inflow rivers further downstream with ＂higher＂ and ＂highest＂ carrying capacity are suitable for the ecological breeding of special aquatic fauna. Further, the lakeshore and waterfront areas with ＂general＂ carrying capacity levels are appropriate for modern ecological farming. The areas between mid-stream and up-stream of rivers with poor ＂lower＂ and ＂lowest＂ carrying capacity are ideal to cultivate staple crops （rice, cotton, rape, wheat, soybeans, and corn）. This area is the main source of agricultural and domestic pollutants. In addition, the suitability of the industrial system has significant feedback for the water environment＇s carrying capacity. More measures should be taken to strengthen protection for wetlands along the lakeside due to its high ecological sensitivity. Unlike traditional hydrologic methods （using field hydrological data and model）, this study provides a new approach to quickly and conveniently assess water environment carrying capacity. The industrial orientation proposed here serves not only an academic and scientific purpose, but also provides important insights for the government to formulate plans for industrial development.