“公交都市”的要素体系与香港经验

The Analytical Framework of Transit Metropolis and Hong Kong's Experience

本文首先从理论层面,构建了一个完整的"公交都市"要素体系。这个要素体系既涉及公交系统本身,包括线网覆盖率、线网连接度、站点易达性、换乘便利度、运营效率、安全和舒适性等,也涉及公交系统之外,包括土地利用系统、交通系统和政策等。文章第二部分介绍香港在发展公交都市过程中可为借鉴的经验,包括:1)通过制度安排,改善微观尺度的公交易达性;2)政府监管和市场机制配合,促进不同公交方式的竞合;3)以人为本的、精细化的公交运营管理;4)"推"和"拉"两类政策的彼此强化。第三部分以公交都市要素体系为框架,比较香港与内地其他城市在公交体系"内"与"外"两个层面的异同,希望能够对国内公交都市建设提供有益参考。

The first section of this paper presents a comprehensive analytical framework regrading ＂transit metropolis＂ from the theoretical perspective. The authors argue that to develop a good transit metropolis should consider not only the transit system per se （including accessibility to destination, connectivity, comfortability, safety and efficiency）, but also the integration between transit and other transport and urban systems （such as the integration between transit, land use and parking system）. The second section of this paper introduces the experiences of Hong Kong in the development of transit metropolis. Four suggestions are recommended： 1） improving accessibility to the destination by micro-scale urban design; 2） promoting the integrated multi-modal transit system; 3） promoting human-oriented and sophisticated management; 4） integrating ＂pull＂ and ＂push＂ strategies. Finally, this paper compares the differences of Hong Kong and other Chinese cities in order to provide insights into the development of transit metropolis in China.