人大主导立法的可能及其限度

Possibility and Limits of Legislation led by National People's Congress

"人大主导立法"是我国人民代表大会制度与社会主义立法体制的根本要求,也是立法获得正当性与权威性的必然条件。观察近40年的中国立法发展,一个显著的事实就是,人大立法权、尤其是人民代表大会立法权的虚置弱化以及由此形成的立法过程中"人民形式上有权、实际上无权"的状况。重塑当代中国立法的正当性基础和公正性品质,寻求立法的民主性与科学性、立法效率与法律实效的协调,必须从行动上回归我国宪法法律文本的各项规定,维护有立法权的人大在立法过程中的主导地位。然而,由于人大立法能力的实然状况以及诸多体制性制约因素,追求"人大主导立法"不能过于理想主义。有立法权的人大对立法过程的主导只能是逐步在具体层面、特定环节和一定限度内实现。

It is a fundamental requirement that People＇s Congress should play the leading role in the legislative process according to the system of People＇s Congresses and Chinese legislation. Moreover, it＇s a necessary condition for the legitimacy and authority of the legislation. However, it＇s obvious that the role and status of the People＇s Congress in the legislative process have become void and weakened during the last 40 years. In order to promote the impartiality and legitimacy of Chinese legisla- tion, integrate the democracy and scientifieity in legislative process, we should take action to observe the constitution and legis- lative law prescription and guarantee the leading role of the People＇s Congress in the legislative process. Nevertheless, the lead- ing role of the People＇s Congress will be achieved in a certain extent and specified segments in condition of present situation of the people＇s congress and many other restrictive factors.