利益均衡:商标权刑法保护的一种进化

Balance of Interest: An Evolution of Criminal Law Protection of Trademark Right

商标权是一种财产权,反映的是一种利益关系。叠加的商标权风险与既往刑法保护的失衡,不仅证成商标侵权已成为"重灾区",也意味着刑法保护制度的阙如与方向性偏差。利益均衡是现代法的基本精神。在"混淆可能"成为商标侵权的基准之际,刑法保护应转换方向,弥补商标权及权利人应有利益的短缺,妥当性增权,实现利益配置相对理性的均衡。我国应选择结合型立法模式,增设反向假冒商标罪,扩大假冒注册商标罪的行为方式,将注册服务商标纳入犯罪对象,进行罪刑均衡改革等合规的刑事风控,从而达致刑法保护的价值平衡及其父权主义的进化。

Trademark rights is a property right, reflecting a relationship of interest. The o- verlapping risk of trademark and the imbalance the previous criminal law protection not only prove that the trademark infringement has become the ＂hardest hit＂, but also means the deficiency of criminal law protection system and the direction of deviation. The balance of interest is the basic spirit of modern law. As the likelihood of confusion may become the benchmark of trademark infringement, criminal law protection should change the direction, and increasing rights to make up the lack of benefits of the trademark proprietor and to achieve the goal that a rational and harmo- nious right allocation. To achieve the balance of criminal law protection and the evolution of its patriarchism, we may take steps to control the criminal risk, such as choosing a combination legislation model, establishing a charge of anti - counterfeiting trademark crime, expanding the behavior of counterfeiting the registered trademark, taking the service marks as the criminal object, reforming the balance between crime and punishment.