找回院子里的生活——院落公共空间改善参与式设计实践初探

RETRIEVING THE LIFE IN THE COURTYARD:A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE PARTICIPATORY DESIGN PRACTICE OF PUBLIC SPACE IN COURTYARDS

北京四合院中的院落空间曾经是舒适的家庭公共活动空间,然而随着院落居住形态的改变,传统四合院逐渐演变为大杂院,院落空间被占据、划分,成为堆放杂物、晾晒衣物、来往通行的消极空间,曾经院子里的生活氛围似乎也已不复存在。为此,规划师在北京市东城区东四南历史文化街区展开实践探索,以社会组织史家胡同风貌保护协会为平台,汇集多部门资金支持及志愿参与的设计机构力量,开展以"咱们的院子"为主题的院落公共空间改善设计试点项目。我们通过"前期踏勘—参与式设计—实施动员—进场施工—后期维护"五个环节的工作路径,试图用全过程公众参与式设计改善居民生活环境,保护院落风貌,同时调动居民重新开始讨论公共事务,逐步建立起良性循环的院落环境维护自治机制。实践首次将历史街区物质空间改善与人文环境复兴相结合,探索"自上而下"与"自下而上"相结合的社区营造路径,对于旧城历史街区有机更新模式的建立具有重要示范价值。

The public space in Beijing courtyard was once a comfortable public space for the family. However, with the change of living form of the courtyard, the traditional courtyard gradually evolved into a large compound yard, and the courtyard space was occupied and divided into multiple negative functions, such as storage locations, clothes hanging places and passing pathes, and the living condition in it is getting worse. To solve this problem, urban planners carry out exploration of Dongsi＇nan historical and cultural blocks in Dongcheng District, Beijing, use an NPO called ＂Shijia Hutong Heritage Preservation Society＂ as a platform to bring together multi-sectoral financial support and recruit volunteer architects in design agencies to set up a public space design pilot project with a theme of ＂Our Courtyard＂. By the working passage with five links of the ＂pre-survey, participatory design, mobilization of implementation, approach construction, and post-maintenance＂, we carry out the overall ＂process＂ public participation design to improve the living environment, to protect the courtyard style, and to mobilize residents to discuss public affairs and then establish a virtuous circle of the courtyard environment to maintain the autonomy mechanism. This practice had important exemplary value for the establishment of old city historic district protection and regeneration because its combining the renovation of physical space of historical blocks and the revival of humanistic environment, and exploring the community shaping with ＂top-down＂ and ＂bottom-up＂ approach.