杏鲍菇菌糠固态发酵工艺条件的优化及在生长猪上的应用

Optimization of Fermentation Processing of Waste Materials Pleurotus Eryngii and Its Application in Growing Pigs

本试验旨在研究杏鲍菇菌糠最佳发酵工艺条件及其在生长猪日粮中的适宜添加量。以采摘3茬的杏鲍菇菌糠为原料,选取黑曲霉、枯草芽孢杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌3株菌种,采用单因素试验和正交试验设计,考察接种量、发酵时间、料水比和混菌比例对杏鲍菇菌糠发酵后营养价值的影响。动物试验选取平均体重为20 kg的杜×长×大三元杂交生长猪24头,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪;对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组日粮分别用5%、10%、15%发酵菌糠替代麸皮,试验期为21 d。结果表明:最佳条件为菌种接种量12%、发酵时间84 h、料水比1:1.5、混菌比例2:1:1、发酵温度37℃,在此条件下粗蛋白提高39.9%、粗纤维降低18.9%;与对照组相比,添加5%和10%发酵菌糠对生长猪的生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05),5%菌糠组和10%菌糠组的表观消化率明显优于对照组(P>0.05)。综合考虑,通过优化发酵条件,提高了杏鲍菇菌糠的营养价值,且在生长猪饲料中杏鲍菇菌糠的适宜添加量为10%。

The study aimed to investigate the optimal fermentation conditions of waste materials Pleurotus eryngii andoptimum adding amount in growing pigs diets. The fermented waste materials Pleurotus eryngii was used as raw material,the strains, the inoculation amounts, liquid mass ratio, time and the strains were considered to improve Nutritional valueof waste materials Pleurotus eryngii and optimized process by single factor and orthogonal experiments.Twenty healthygrowing pigs at average weight of 20 kg were randomly divided into four groups with 6 pigs each and five units of onepig in each group. The animals were received one of the following diets： basal diet（control）, basal diet with 5%, 10% or15% of fermented waste materials Pleurotus eryngii instead of bran. The result showed that the inoculation amount ofindicative bacteria 12%, feed liquid ratio 1：1.5, the reaction time 84 h,culture solid-state fermentation ratio 2：1：1 （Aspergillusniger, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus）and fermentation temperature 37~C, where the crude protein contentincreased 39.9%, the raw cellulose content reduced 18.9%. Animal tests showed that, compared with the control group, theaddition of 5% and 10% fermented waste materials Pleurotus eryngii has no significant effect on the growth performance ofgrowing pigs （P〉 0.05）; compared with the control group, 5% and 10% fermented waste materials Pleurotus eryngii groupwas significantly better than the control group （P〉0.05） in the apparent digestibility. In conclusion, the nutritive value ofwaste materials Pleurotus eryngii were improved by optimizing fermentation conditions. And the optimal additives amountsof fermented waste materials Pleurotus eryngii in growing pigs diets was 10%.