美国牧场牛奶生产规模效益研究

A Study on Scale Benefit of US Dairies Milk Production

过去20年,美国奶牛牧场规模扩张迅速,农场数量减少,平均奶牛存栏数量上升。千头以上牧场管理着美国近一半的奶牛,其牛奶产量超过全国产量的50%。本文以美国农业部(USDA)发布的牛奶生产成本收益数据为基础,从利润、价格、产量、成本4个方面对6种不同规模牧场牛奶生产进行了研究。研究发现:相比而言,较大规模的牧场能够为市场提供价格更低的牛奶产品;单位产品可获得较大的经济利润和会计利润;较大规模牧场奶牛单产更高,规模效益明显。

During the past 20 years, the U.S. dairy farms expanded very rapidly, which leads to the farm number decreaseand the herd size increase. Currently, the thousand head dairy farms manage about half of the cows and produce more than50% milk national wide. Basing on the database from U.S. Department of Agriculture （USDA）, this study which mainlyfocus on profit, price, quantity and cost, analyze the scale benefit of 6 scale dairy farms. The foundings involve： the largerscale dairy farms supply lower price milk with higer productivity per cow to the market, gain more economic margin aswell as accounting margin, and create better scale benefit.