粮食安全视阈下我国粮食进口控制问题研究

RESEARCH ON THE CONTROL OF GRAIN IMPORT IN CHINA UNDER THE PERSPECTIVE OF GRAIN SECURITY

[目的]近年来,在我国粮食增产同时,自给率水平不断下降,主要粮食品种净进口均呈常态化且增长迅速,甚至在2015年出现了奇怪的"三高并存"现象。因此,保障我国粮食安全,探寻有效控制进口的途径迫在眉睫。[方法]在查阅相关文献的基础上,综合运用定量统计描述、定性分析和比较分析方法,分析我国粮食进口现状及进口过度的原因。[结果]当前我国粮食进口过度问题严重,主要表现为"非必需进口过度"和"结构性进口过度"。造成我国粮食净进口远超产需缺口的直接原因是不断扩大的国内外粮食价差,根本原因是国内外生产成本差,其中劳动力成本在我国粮食生产成本上升中的贡献最大。[结论]确保粮食进口适度适当,要加强政策支持,降低国内粮食生产成本;影响进口粮食价格,缩小甚至逆转国内外价格差;推动农业"走出去",有效利用国际市场和国外资源;用足用好"黄箱"和"绿箱"政策,健全农业补贴体系。

Recently,with the increasing of the grain production,the level of self-sufficiency rate continued to decrease,and the net import of major grain varieties is normalized and growing rapidly. Therefore,it is urgent to guarantee the grain security and explore the efficient way to control the import. On the basis of looking up documents,this paper utilized the methods of statistical description,qualitative analysis and comparative analysis to explain the current situation of grain＇s import and the reason of excessive import. Firstly,the direct reason was the consistently expanding in domestic and international grain price. Secondly,the labor costs played an important role in the cost differences of products. Finally,it suggested that it should strengthen the policy-support,decrease the product costs,narrow and reverse the price difference,occupy the part of the international market,as well as perfect the system of agricultural subsidies,and improve the competitiveness of the industry.