长屿硐天采石古工法及其工程地质条件适应性研究——以水云硐大型古洞室群为例

QUARRYING TECHNIQUE AND ITS ADAPTABILITY TO ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN CHANGYUDONGTIAN ANCIENT UNDERGROUND QUARRY:A CASE STUDY OF SHUIYUN CAVERN COMPLEX

我国古代采石业发展辉煌,具有规模大、历时长、遗留采石遗迹众多等特征,其中尤以浙江省的石材开采最为著名,因古代石材开采所遗留的众多古采石场目前都得到了极好的再利用。浙江省温岭市长屿硐天大型古地下采石场目前已被纳入世界地质公园及国家矿山公园。在现场考察过程中,发现了古代采石者所创造的一套由"探"、"扩"、"避"、"采"、"排"、"运"、"填"等7个主要工序所组成的长屿采石古工法。作为古代地下采石遗迹,长屿硐天拥有以水云硐大型古洞室群为典型代表的28个大型古洞室群,总体规模巨大。该工艺的发现,说明古代采石者从长期工程实践中所创造的长屿采石古工法是行之有效的。进而研究得出,他们所创的采石古工法其合理性,不仅在于其充分考虑了当时采石工具的材质条件,而主要在于其适应了当地的工程地质条件。

The stone-quarrying industry in China has flourished for a very long history, which is featured by large scale, long duration, and numerous remains of ancient quarrying caverns. Zhejiang Province, one of the dozens of provinces in China, is particularly important in the ancient quarrying industry, and is home to many famous ancient underground caverns which are mostly tourism attractions now. Changyudongtian ancient underground quarry cavern in Zhejiang, for instance, is now listed as the world geopark and national mine park. It is found during field investigation that the ancient quarryman has invented a special quarrying technique in Changyudongtian. It consists of such seven processes including exploring, enlarging, eluding, excavating, draining, distributing and discharging, wand is now named as 4E3D technique. The Changyudongtian ancient quarry cavern group is an assemble of 28 large cavern complexes like Shuiyun cavern complex. It is extremely large in dimension. The 4E3D technique has played an important role in the quarrying process of Changyudongtian and undoubtedly extremely effective for stone quarrying. It is verified to be invented with full consideration of the local engineering geological conditions and the development level of the quarrying tools at the time.