二孩时代生还是不生?--独生父母家庭二孩生育意愿及影响因素探析

The Fertility Desire and its Influence Factors of Parents without Siblings

以北京市2334个已育一孩的独生父母家庭作为研究对象,通过问卷调查法了解北京市独生父母家庭二孩生育意愿,并深入分析其影响因素。结果表明,北京市独生父母家庭在理想子女个数和性别上,期待儿女成双,且女孩偏好在逐步增强。在具体生育意向和生育计划上,由于受到生育观念、生育成本、母亲个体因素(年龄、受教育程度)的制约,表现出了较低的生育意愿。此外,在更接近于生育行为的生育计划上,独生父母家庭会有更多的经济考量。建议:政府及相关部门加大生育宣传力度;关注高龄产妇生殖健康,完善生育补偿制度;提供充足的公共服务资源;有效提高独生父母家庭的二孩生育意愿。

Taking 2334 only-child parents without siblings as the study subjects,this study has an indepth analysis of the fertility desire and its impact factors through questionnaire. The results indicate that onlychild parents without siblings hope to have a son as well as a daughter,but show a lower fertility desire on the specific fertility intention or planning due to the restriction of fertility concept,fertility cost and maternal factors. Besides,they would take more economic considerations on fertility planning which is closer to the fertility behavior. Based on this,the study suggests the governments and relevant departments enhance the propaganda of fertility,pay more attention to the reproductive health of the elderly pregnancy,perfect the compensation system of fertility and provide adequate public service resources for effectively improving the fertility desire of the only-child parents without siblings.