论藏传佛教中的非物质文化遗产及其法律调整

The Intangible Cultural Heritages in Tibetan Buddhism and Its Legal Protection

藏传佛教中的仪轨、密法、法器、文学艺术等表现形式从不同侧面反映藏传佛教的教义和精神,具有社会、文化甚至医学养生价值,属于非物质文化遗产。藏传佛教中非物质文化遗产保护法制化表现为受到从国际法到国内法的调整,特别是《非物质文化遗产法》从保护原则和保护措施等方面影响着藏传佛教中非物质文化遗产的传承和发展。实证表明,藏传佛教中的非遗总体上处于一种自然状态的传承,仍有大量未进入国家级和地方非遗名录体系。未来西藏非遗调查和名录体系中除应增加对藏传佛教中非遗的份额外,要注重这类遗产在名录外的传承,其关键在于落实《非物质文化遗产法》相关规定,保障公民、法人和其他社会组织参与非物质文化遗产保护工作。

The sadhana drubtabs,shastras, dharma - wares and other manifestations as literature or arts in Tibetan Buddhism reflect from different respects the Buddhist doctrines and spirits. They are precious intangible cultural heritages as they present social, cultural or even medical values. The legalization of the protection of those in Tibet-an Buddhism are indicated as being regulated by both international laws and domestic laws, in particular, Intangi-ble Cultural Heritage Law affects the bearing and the development of the intangible cultural heritages in Tibetan Buddhism from protecting principles to protective measures. Evidence shows that intangible cultural heritages in Ti-betan Buddhism as a whole are still in a state of natural bearing, as lots of those in Tibetan Buddhism have not yet entered state - level or local - level name list systems. More attention should be paid in the future to the exterior of list bearing besides increasing the quota of intangible cultural heritages in Tibetan Buddhism in surveys and name list systems,the key to which is to carry out relevant stipulations in Intangible Cultural Heritage Law so as to ensure that citizens, legal persons and other social organizations participate in the protection of intangible cultural herita-ges.