春台班艺术师承关系论略——以堂子为线索的考察

On the Master-apprentice Relationships of the Chuntai Theatre Troupe: Evidence from Tangzi Establishments

徽班进京之后,众多堂子除侑酒佐欢以求盈利的消极一面之外,也承担了传授演剧技艺的职能,世代相传,形成一定的传统。本文试就与春台班关系密切的几条线索略加梳理,重点论述"本春台旧家"、"夙多佳品"的余庆堂,及其衍生的槐庆堂、景庆堂、春庆堂;被称为"梨园中第一世家"、"以三世擅盛名"的光裕堂,及其衍生的春泉堂、丽春堂;"教曲名手,春台部老掌班"殷采芝的日新堂,及其衍生的景春堂。通过论述,大致渊源已明,则春台班的艺术师承关系也得以显现。

After the arrival of Huiban in Beijing,the numerous tangzi establishments there not only provided entertainment services for the purpose of profit making,but also took on a more positive role of passing on drama performance skills.The skills were passed on from generation to generation,establishing a tradition of drama performance.This paper will systematically examine three tangzi establishments that were closely related to the Chuntai theatre troupe,thereby clarifying the master-apprentice relationships of the Chuntai theatre troupe.The three tangzi establishments that will be examined are:1)Yuqingtang and its branches Huaiqingtang,Jingqingtang,and Chunqingtang.Yuqingtang had the longest history with Chuntai theatre troupe and had nurtured many outstanding actors;2)Guangyutang and its branches Chunquantang and Lichuntang.Guangyutang is the most reputable in the theatre world and had famous actors for three generations;3)Rixintang and its branches Jingchuntang(There are many others,but they will not be discussed here due to space constraints).Rixintang had an expert drama song teacher Yin Caizhi who once managed Chuntai theatre troupe.