两类失独家庭的社会支持比较研究——兼论失独自组织的影响

A Comparative Study on Social Support for Two Types of Families Bereft of Their Only-Child and the Influence of Self-organizations

失独家庭是目前社会各界高度关注的弱势群体。通过在A、B两省的实地调查,发现加入失独自组织的失独家庭与没有加入失独自组织的失独家庭在社会支持的获得上情况不同:前者得到的正式社会支持更多,非正式社会支持变少;后者得到的正式社会支持少,但是其非正式社会支持的作用却要相对显著。此外,在对社会支持的期望方面,前者期望偏高,趋向"理想型",现实性变弱;后者期望低,大多是一种"底线型"期望。致使差异形成的原因众多,但失独自组织通过对失独家庭在失独归因、刺激惯习、权利意识、责任身份、对垒力量作用以及难以避免的自身"内卷化"倾向,对差异形成产生了重要影响。这对开展有区别、分类化的失独家庭社会支持服务和认识"失独自组织"的双重性及引导其科学发展,具有一定的启示意义。

Family bereft of their only-child is a vulnerable group with intense media attention. Through fieldinvestigation in A and B two provinces, the differences in social support for two kinds of families bereft of theironly-child were spotted： the ones that joined the self-organizations of families bereft of their only-child and theones that are not members of such self-organizations. The former gets more formal social support and lessinformal social support, while the latter was given less formal social support, but the informal social supportinfluences them relatively more obviously. In addition, the former holds high and “ideal-typed” expectations ofsocial support with poor realizability, while the latter has low expectations, and most is a kind of “bottom line”expectations. Admittedly, the causes of the formation of differences are numerous, but there is no doubt that theself-organization plays an important role in it by influencing the attribution of death of the only-child, stimulatedhabits, rights consciousness, the identity to take responsibility, countervailing power and its “involution” whichis hard to avoid. This has implications for carrying out differentiated and classified social support services,recognizing the duality of the self-organization and guiding its scientific development.