创伤性脑损伤合并骨折动物模型的建立与评估

Establishment and evaluation of animal model of traumatic brain injury combined with fracture

目的颅脑损伤与骨折愈合相关性机制研究缺乏确实可靠的动物实验模型。文章旨在建立创伤性脑损伤与骨折愈合相关性研究的动物模型,并进行稳定性评估。方法选择新西兰兔48只随机分为4组,每组12只:对照组(不做任何处理)、单纯颅脑外伤组(单纯颅脑损伤模型)、单纯骨折组(单纯制作右侧胫骨骨折模型)、脑外伤合并骨折组(制作颅脑损伤合并骨折模型)。观察各组新西兰兔神经行为学变化,并术后不同时间观察骨折愈合情况,行骨痂体积测量及病理学观察。结果单纯颅脑外伤组术后6 h、7 d、1个月神经功能量表(NSS)评分[(9.32±0.68)、(8.01±0.56)、(7.75±0.66)分]均显著低于对照组[(11.81±0.55)、(12.07±0.42)、(12.02±0.38)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与单纯骨折组术后1个月周围骨痂的体积比较,脑外伤合并骨折组明显增大[(1.19±0.12)cm^3vs(1.81±0.13)cm^3,P<0.05]。脑外伤合并骨折组术后4周,骨折局部骨痂中骨小梁显著增多;术后8周骨小梁变得更加成熟。结论创伤性脑损伤合并骨折动物模型,稳定性及可重复性好,达到了脑损伤合并骨折相关研究所需的动物模型标准。

Objective The research of craniocerebral injury and fracture healing has made slow progress, and the lack of reliable animal experimental model is one of the key factors. Therefore, the focus is to establish a craniocerebral injury and fracture model up to standard. The study aims to establish an appropriate animal model and evaluate the stability. Methods New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups （ n = 12） ： control group,simple craniocerebral injury group （simple craniocerebral njury model） , simple fracture group（ simple right tibial fracture model） , Brain trauma with fracture group （ craniocerebral injury com-bined with fracture model）. The neurological changes of the rabbits were observed. Furthermore, the healing of the fractures was ob-served at different time postoperatively by measuring the volume of callus and observing pathology. Results The neurological func-ion scale （NSS） scores [ （9.32±0.68） , （ 8.01±0.56）,（7 .75±0） ] 6 h ,7 d and 1 month after craniocerebral injury surgery were sig-nificantly lower than those in the control group[ （11.81±0.55）,（ 12.07±0.42）,（ 12.02±0.38） ],and there was statistically significant difference （ P〈0.05） .Compared with the callus volume of simple fracture group around 1 month after surgery, the callus volume of the craniocerebral injury combined with fracture group was significantly larger [（ 1.19±0.12） cm3 vs （ 1.81±0.13） cm3,P 〈 0 .0 5 ] . Four weeks after surgery in the craniocerebral injury combined with fracture group, the trabecular bone was significantly increased in the lo-cal callus. After 8 weeks, the trabecular bone became more mature. Conclusion The animal model of craniocerebral injury combined with fracture healing is stable and reproducible. It meets the standard for studying the relationship of traumatic bmin injury and fmcture.