预防中心静脉导管堵塞的研究进展

Research Progress of Prevention of Central Venous Catheter Obstruction

中心静脉导管自问世以来,逐渐成为临床上一种不可或缺的重要治疗工具之一,它的广泛应用给患者和医护人员带来了诸多益处,不仅能够避免多次静脉穿刺给患者造成的痛苦、不适以及恐惧,也减轻了医疗护理人员的工作量。当前各种导管并发症的发生率约为15%,特别是长期置入的中心静脉导管堵塞引起并发症的风险,随着时间的增加而增加。当中心静脉导管发生堵塞时,通常需要溶栓、更换或者拔除中心静脉导管。目前认为充分的冲管和有效的封管是减少和预防导管堵塞的重要手段,因此本文对生理盐水和肝素盐水预防成人中心静脉导管堵塞的临床效果及研究进展进行了阐述。

Central venous catheter, which has brought a lot of benefits to patients and health workers, has become one of the indispensable treatment tools in clinical practice. It can not only avoid the pain, discomfort and fear caused by multiple venipuncture, but also reduce the workload of medical caregivers. At present, the incidence of various catheter complications is about 15%, moreover, the risk of complications arising from the long-term inputting of central venous catheter increases with time. When central venous catheter obstruction occurs, thrombolysis, replacement or removal of central venous catheters is usually required. It is believed that adequate ？ushing and effective sealing are important means to reduce and prevent the catheter obstruction. In this paper, the clinical effects and research progress of saline and heparin salt water in preventing the adult central venous catheter obstruction were discussed.