当前高校创客教育的困惑与超越

Puzzles and Transcendence of Maker Education in Colleges and Universities

近几年来,"大众创新、万众创业"得到了国家和政府的高度关注。作为创新创业教育的拓展和衍生,高校创客教育在"互联网+"时代背景下蓬勃发展,相关组织机构或创客活动不断涌现。然而,伴随着创客教育的快速发展,重硬件投资轻软件建设、偷换概念流于形式、形象工程、指标化建设等各种问题相继浮现。高校创客教育对于增强学生学以致用意识,强化学生创业就业能力以及提升学校综合竞争力等都有重要的意义。因此,为了将创客教育落到实处,高校应注重在以下几个方面进行着力。第一,深刻理解创客教育人才观,构建多学科交叉融合、以实践创新为导向的课程体系;第二,重新塑造创客导师的角色,注重其引领与辅导的作用,增强教师电子信息方面的知识;第三,与专业教育深度融合,在真实环境中依托项目开展做中学,创新创客教学模式;第四,多渠道构建众创空间,营造良好的创客文化氛围;第五,将创客教育融入企业生产链,让创意落地生根。只有认识问题本质,通过政府、企业与高校通力协作,创客教育才能真正焕发活力。

In recent years, the'mass innovation, multitude entrepreneurship'has got close attention of the state and the government. As the expansion and derivation of innovation and entrepreneurship, maker education in colleges and universities has developed vigorously under the background of'Internet + 'era, and relevant organizations or maker activities has been emerging constantly. However, along with its booming development of maker education in colleges and universities, some problems arose including attaching too much more importance to hardware than software construction, making only superficial changes, image projects, and attaining a mere formality with neglect of connotation. For colleges and universities, maker education has a significance in strengthening students' consciousness of applying theories into practice, reinforcing students' entrepreneurship and employment ability as well as promoting the overall competitiveness of the school. Therefore, in order to fulfill the maker education, colleges and universities should pay attention to the following aspects. First, to fully understand the talent view of maker education and build a curriculum system that is multidisciplinary and oriented around practice and innovation. Second, to reshape the maker education instructor's role of leading and tutoring and enhance teachers' knowledge of electronics and information. Third, to highly integrate with professional education and innovate the mode of maker education. Students should learn in practice in the real environment on the basis of projects. Fourth,to create entrepreneurship space through various channels and a good atmosphere for maker education culture.Fifth, to blend maker education in enterprise production chain and help creative ideas take root. Only when we understand the essence of the problem and when the government, enterprises and universities work together can maker education be lively and vigorous.