个人信息商业利用同意要件研究--以个人信息类型化为视角

Research on the Consent Element to the Commercial Use of Personal Information——From the Perspective of Personal Information Right Classification

《民法总则》第111条顺应信息时代的需求,规定个人信息在信息利用中受到法律保护,但规定得较为概括。信息主体同意是信息商业利用行为的合法要件之一,但绝对的同意要件会阻碍信息的充分利用。为实现人格尊严保护与信息利用平衡的法律理念,并结合个人信息的性质,应当将个人信息分为人格紧密型个人信息和人格疏远型个人信息。人格紧密型个人信息与人格尊严密切相关,同意要件应为积极同意;而人格疏远型个人信息与人格尊严相对较疏远,同意要件应为消极同意。基于个人信息类型化研究,建议司法裁判者区分适用个人信息商业利用的同意要件,以实现个人信息保护与信息利用的平衡。

Article 111 of the General Principles of Civil Law provides a relatively general rule for pro-tecting personal information in the commercial use to fit the demand of information age. Consent from the in-formation subject is one legal requirement of the commercial use of personal information, but absolute con-sent would hinder full use of the information. In order to realize the balance of human dignity protection and information freedom, as well as the essence of personal information, personal information is divided into close personal information and loose personal information. The close personal information is closely related to the dignity of the information subject hence active consent is an essential requirement for commercial use. The loose personal information is relatively distant from the dignity, therefore negative consent is an essential requirement. Based on the study on the types of personal information, this paper advocates that judge should distinguish the consent elements for the commercial use of personal information in order to realize the bal-ance between personal information protection and information utilization.