“中断医疗型”安乐死在德国的刑法教义学考察

Doctrine of German Criminal Law on Interrupted Medical Euthanasia

安乐死在中国是否可以允许,是法律界和伦理界一直争论的话题。主流观点是否定实施安乐死,认为安乐死是以协助的方式终结他人生命,侵害了病人享有的生命权和健康权,应该按照故意杀人罪来承担刑事责任。但是司法实践中层出不穷的疑似安乐死案件,是不能简单地根据故意杀人罪来定案的。德国刑事司法实践将安乐死分为"中断医疗型"安乐死、主动直接安乐死、间接安乐死,继而区分何种安乐死是法律允许的,何种安乐死应该绝对禁止。从刑法教义学角度出发,病人的同意、代理人的意见、法庭的许可都可以作为排除犯罪性事由在安乐死案件中影响行为违法性的认定。

Whether euthanasia can be allowed in China has been a controversial issue in the legal and ethical circles. The overwhelming view is the denial of euthanasia. It is believed that euthanasia is the way to help end the lives of others. It violates the rights of life and health enjoyed by the patients, and should bear criminal responsibility in accordance with the crime of intentional homicide. However, the suspected cases of euthanasia in judicial practice cannot be decided simply on the basis of intentional homicide. In German criminal judicial practice, euthanasia is divided into interrupted medical euthanasia, initiative eu-thanasia and indirect euthanasia. Then, it is legally permissible to distinguish the permitted and prohibited one. From the perspective of criminal law doctrine, the consent of the patient, the opinion of the agent and the permission of the court can be regarded as the identification of the illegality of the act of euthanasia.