ANH联合氨甲环酸对全膝关节置换术失血量和输血量的影响

Effects of acute normovolemic hemodilution plus tranexamic acid on blood loss and blood transfusion in patients with total knee replacement

目的观察急性等容血液稀释(ANH)联合氨甲环酸对全膝关节置换术失血量和输血量的影响。方法将98例全膝关节置换术患者通过电脑随机法分为ANH组和联合组,每组49例。ANH组行术中ANH,联合组采用ANH和氨甲环酸联合应用。观察两组患者自体输血前后血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(Hct)、血小板计数(PLT)变化及术前、术后凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、D-二聚体变化,记录患者失血量、异体血输注量、尿量和术后引流量。结果联合组自体输血后Hb、Hct平均水平明显高于ANH组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组术后D-二聚体水平明显高于ANH组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组失血量、异体血输注量及术后1d引流量明显少于ANH组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论自体输血与氨甲环酸联合应用可明显减少全膝关节置换术中失血量和异体血输注量,有一定的临床推广价值。

Objective To observe the effects of acute normovolemic hemodilution(ANH)plus tranexamic acid on blood loss and blood transfusion in patients with total knee replacement.Methods 98 cases of patients with total knee replacement were divided into ANH group and combination group by computer randomization,49 cases in each group.ANH was performed in ANH group,and ANH plus tranexamic acid was given in combination group.The changes of hemoglobin(Hb),red blood cells deposited(Hct),platelet count(PLT)were observed before and after autologous blood transfusion in two group.The changes of prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),thrombin time(TT),fibrinogen(FIB),D-dimer were observed at preoperative and postoperative in two group.The amount of blood loss and allogeneic blood infusion,the urine volume and the postoperative flow volume were recorded in two groups.Results The average levels of Hb,Hct after autologous blood transfusion in combination group were higher than those in ANH group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The average level of D-dimer at postoperative in combination group were higher than that in ANH group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The amounts of blood loss and allogeneic blood infusion,the postoperative flow volume were lower than those in ANH group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The joint application of ANH and tranexamic acid can effectively reduce the amounts of blood loss and allogeneic blood infusion in patients with total knee replacement,and has a certain clinical value.