城乡居民养老保险减贫效应评估——基于多维贫困的视角

Assessing the Poverty Reduction Effect of the Urban and Rural Resident Pension: From the Perspective of Multidimensional Poverty

利用"中国老年社会调查"(CLASS)2014年度的全国数据,采用倾向值匹配方法(PSM)对城乡居民养老金减少老年收入贫困、健康贫困和精神贫困的效果进行分析。研究表明,由于覆盖缺口和待遇水平较低,城乡居民养老金虽然有助于减少收入贫困,但减贫力度较小,同时对健康贫困和精神贫困的影响不显著。未来城乡居民养老金制度改革应着重从以下三个方面入手:一是进一步扩大城乡居民养老金覆盖率,实现由制度全覆盖向人口全覆盖转变;二是建立科学动态的养老金调整机制,有效提高养老金待遇水平,缩小与其他养老金类型的差距;三是协调养老金制度与医疗保障制度、社会服务制度之间的关系,提升养老金减少多维度贫困的整体效果。

Using the CLASS date conducted in 2014 and PSM method, this paper analyzes the effects of the Urban and Rural Resident Social Pension on income poverty, healthy poverty and mental poverty for olderpeople. The results suggest that the URRSP eliminates finitely poverty rate due to the finite coverage and lowbenefit level. Meanwhile, the effects of pensions on healthy poverty and mental poverty of older people are insignificant. There are three main points in the future reform： expanding the coverage of pensions for all residents; establishing scientific adjustment mechanism of pension benefits to improve the pension level and narrow the gaps among subgroups; coordinating the relationships between pension system healthy system as well as other social service systems in order to improve the overall effects of pension system.