代购毒品行为定性进路之辩正——基于“贩卖”和“运输”的阶层审视

Debate on the Qualitative Approach of Purchasing Drug Behavior——Take the View of "Trafficking" and "Transportation" Based on the Stratification

理论与司法实践对代购毒品行为的定性存在三点错误倾向:行为考察的片面性、罪名认定的主观性、罪名要素的混淆性。代购毒品行为由两部分行为组成,一是购买并转交毒品的行为,二是购买后的运送毒品行为,应分别、综合对上述两个层次的行为进行定性。贩卖毒品罪的危害在于组成、拓展了毒品的流通渠道,托购人主导的代购与贩卖毒品不具有相当性,代购者主导的代购与贩卖毒品具有相当性。贩卖毒品罪的成立不以牟利目的,而以有偿性为要件,对于代购毒品行为应以有偿目的进行定性。司法解释在事实上对运输毒品罪的主体进行了区分,进行了两个方面的放宽处理,一是数量方面,二是时空方面。运输毒品行为的危害性在于对毒品流通的促进作用,运输毒品与动态持有毒品有区别。代购者实现了毒品在毒贩与吸毒者之间的转移、流通,因此与毒品运输行为具有等价性。非主导型代购者应以运输毒品罪定罪处罚;对无偿的主导型代购者定运输毒品罪,不重复评价持有行为;对有偿的主导型代购者定贩卖、运输毒品罪,不实行并罚。

From the theory and judicial practice, there are three misconceptions about the qualitative behavior of purchasing drug behavior. It is the conduct investigation, the subjectivity of conviction, and the confusion of criminal elements. Shopping behavior is composed of two parts of the behavior, one is the purchase and transfer of drug behavior, and the other is trafficking behavior after the purchase of drug. It should be respectively the above two levels of behavior qualitative. The crime of drug trafficking is the result of the formation of the expansion of the distribution of drugs channels, the purchase of goods-led purchasing and trafficking of drugs. It is not a considerable sex, consignee-led purchasing and trafficking drugs. The establishment of the crime of drug trafficking is not for the purpose of profit- making, and to pay for the elements. For the purchase of drug behavior, it should be qualified for qualitative purposes. In fact, judicial interpretation of the main body of the crime of transporting drugs is distinguished between the two aspects of the relaxation of treatment. One is the number, the is the time and space. The dangers of transporting drugs are the promotion of drug circulation, and the distinction between transporting drugs and dynamic possession of drugs. It is different. The consignee realizes the transfer and circulation of drugs between drug traffickers and drug users. Therefore, it is equivalent to drug transport. Non-dominant buyers should be convicted and punished with the crime of transporting drugs, free lead-oriented buyers who transport drugs. It do not repeat the evaluation of holding behavior. It paid for the dominant buyers to sell and transport drugs.It do not implement the penalty.