从座次看《红楼梦》宴会礼仪

The Etiquette of Banquets’ Seating in A Dream of Red Mansions

《红楼梦》中有着诸多的宴会描写，皇亲贵族参加的宴会，座次排列等级严明：大型的家庭宴会，尊者居上，长幼有序；接待不同身份的客人时，“宾客居上”的原则却又时行时不行。比较贾府中不同级别宴会的座次，可以发现贾府这个“钟鸣鼎食之家，翰墨诗书之族”对宴会礼仪有着不同程度上的遵循，这又从侧面反映出贾府从兴到衰的历程。

There are many descriptions of banquets in A Dream of Red Mansions. If the nobilities take apart in them, people have to sit strictly according to their social ranks. During a large family banquet, the elderly sit in the respectable seats and others take seat according to their ages; When receiving guests with different identities, the rule ＂Guests Are Dis- tinguished＂ are not used necessarily. Comparing the seating of different levels of banquets in Jia Fu mansion, it is obviously that people in this rich and well-educated family always obey the seating rules in banquet more or less, which expresses this family＇ s fall from the prosperity from another angle.