不同生育期水分胁迫对设施延后栽培葡萄土壤温度与果实品质的影响

Effects of Water Stress at Different Growth Stages on Soil Temperature and Grape Fruit Quality Under Delayed Cultivation Facility

[目的]探讨河西荒漠绿洲区(以甘肃省张掖市为代表)水分调控下土壤温度的基本变化特征以及土壤温度与果实品质之间的联系,为设施延后栽培技术研究提供理论依据。[方法]将设施延后栽培葡萄分为5个生育期,在各个生育期设1个土壤含水率下限为田间持水率(θf)的55%的中度水分调控处理(GS,VS,FS,ES,CS),开展了上述设定条件下的研究。[结果](1)随着土层深度的增加,设施延后栽培葡萄土壤温度均表现为5cm>10cm>15cm>20cm>25cm。且在葡萄全生育期内各个土层土壤温度变化规律均为先升高后降低的趋势,水分胁迫不仅提高了该生育阶段的土壤温度同时对其下一生育阶段的土壤温度也具有十分重要的作用。(2)果穗质量和单粒重均GS处理最高,可溶性固形物FS处理最高,总糖含量CS处理最多,可滴定酸含量CS最低。[结论]设施延后栽培葡萄土壤温度受环境影响明显,在白天土壤温度是由表层向深层传递,且水分胁迫具有增加土壤温度的作用。要提高葡萄甜度同时降低酸度,增加成熟度需在生育后期即果实膨大期以及着色成熟期适当程度的提高土壤温度。

[Objective] The effects of moisture in Hexi desert oasis area（taking Zhangye City in Gansu Province as the representative） on soil temperature was demonstrated and the association between soil temperature and fruit quality was explored to provide theoretical basis for facility delayed cultivation technology research. [Methods] Five growth stages（GS, PS, FS, ES, CS） were recognized for the cultivation of faculty-delayed grapes. In each growth period, a moderate moisture treatment（the lowest of soil moisture was about 55% of the soil field capacity）. [Results] （1） Soil temperatures of different layers ranked as 5 cm 〉 10 cm 〉15 cm 20 cm 〉 25 cm. During the whole growth period of grape, the soil temperature in each soil layer increased first and then decreased. Water stress at certain growth stage not only improved soil temperature, but also played an important postponed role in soil temperature to the next growth stage. （2） GS treatment had the highest ear quality and greatest single grain weight; FS treatment had the highest soluble solids content; the total sugar content of CS treatment was the most; titratable acid content was lowest in CS. [Conclusion] Soil temperature of the grape was significantly affected by environment during the delayed cultivation. Soil heat was transferred from the surface layer to the deep layer during the daytime, and hence water stress can increase soil temperature. In order to increase the sweetness of the grapes, to reduce the acidity and to increase the maturity, soil temperature should be increased in the late growth stages. They are the fruit swelling stage and the coloring mature stage.