基于RS和GIS的滨州城区土地利用变化研究

Research on Land Use Changes in Central Binzhou City Based on RS and GIS

[目的]研究山东省滨州城区在城市化过程中的土地利用变化规律,为城区土地合理规划和利用提供参考。[方法]以Landsat影像为主要数据源,获取滨州城区1996—2014年5期土地利用分类信息,引入土地利用动态度、转移矩阵和土地利用空间重心,定量分析城区土地利用时空变化规律。[结果]1996—2014年,耕地以平均3.63%/a的速率减少,林地、水体和建设用地表现出增加的趋势,变化率分别为5.43%/a,0.79%/a和5.70%/a。林地和水体以转出为主变为转入量大于转出量,2005—2009年时段林地转入量出现峰值,2001—2005年时段水体转入量达到峰值。耕地和建设用地重心分别位于市政广场的西南侧和东侧,耕地重心往西南方向远离市政广场,建设用地重心往西迁移逐渐靠近市政广场。[结论]城区土地利用变化表现为耕地面积不断减少,林地和水体面积先减后增,建设用地面积不断增加的总体趋势,土地利用转移主要发生在耕地和建设用地之间,林地和水体转移受城区水利工程和绿化工程实施的影响较大,建设用地重心迁移与西城区的开发建设密切相关。

[Objective] The aim of this research was to examine the characteristics of land use change in central Binzhou City of Shandong Province so as to provide reference for the proper land planning and utilization. [Methods] Based on the Landsat images from 1996 to 2014, dynamic index, conversion matrix and spatial center of land use were used to quantitatively analyze the spatial-temporal change trend of land use in central area of Binzhou City. [Results] From 1996 to 2014, the average decrease rate of cropland was 3.63%/a, the increase rates of forestland, water body and construction land were 5.43%/a, 0.79%/a and 5.70%/a. The transferred-in area of forestland and water body was more than the transferred out area. The transferred-in area of forestland reached the peak value in the period of 2005 to 2009, the transferred-in area of water body peaked in the period of 2001 to 2005. The spatial centers of cropland and construction land were respectively located on the southwest side and east side of the city square. The spatial center of cropland was moving away from city square toward the southwestern part. The spatial center of construction land was moving west toward the city square. [Conclusion] Cropland area decreased constantly, forestland and water body area decreased in the beginning and then increased, construction land area increased constantly in the central city. The major trend of land use change was the transfer from cropland to construction land. The implementations of hydraulic engineering and landscape engineering had great impacts on the transfers of forestland and water body. The spatial center movement of construction land was closely related to the development and construction of west urban area.