新疆宗教极端主义之辨析——兼论宗教极端主义与民族分裂主义的关系

An analysis of religious extremism in Xinjiang and the relationship between religious extremism and nationalistic separatism

宗教极端主义与民族主义在"人-神"关系方面是矛盾对立的,两者的结合也是情境性的。伊斯兰极端主义诉诸神权价值,鼓吹建立超越民族与国界的极端神权国家,而民族主义的根本目标是在世俗价值导向下建立民族国家或获取世俗民族权利,其极端形式的民族分裂主义虽歪曲滥用民族自决权进而企图实现"一族一国"分裂目标,但其总体价值取向仍属于世俗范畴。在新疆,宗教极端主义是一种神权价值与世俗民族分裂主义相结合的矛盾混合体,在这一混合体中,民族分裂主义居于主导地位且是宗教极端化的主要推手。因此,当前新疆宗教"去极端化"问题的核心在于价值认同,其关键突破口在于合理利用宗教极端主义与民族分裂主义之间的矛盾,抵制民族分裂主义的重点在于增强和培育中华文化的同质性,抵制宗教极端主义的重点在于积极引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应,推进和坚持宗教中国化的进程,构建和培育有助于增强少数民族"五个认同"的中国价值。

Religious extremism and nationalism are contradictory in terms of the relationship between man and God,and their combination is situational. Islamic extremism resolves to the value of the gods,and advocates the establishment of an ultra theocratic state that transcends nations and borders. The basic goal of nationalism is the establishment of a nation-state under the guidance of secular values or the acquiring of the rights for the secular peoples. Although the most extreme form of ethnic separatism abuses the right to self-determination and attempts to achieve separatist goals,its overall value still belongs to the category of the secular. In Xinjiang,religious extremism is a mixture of religious values and secular nationalistic separatism. In this mixture,ethnic separatism is dominant and is the main pusher of religious extremism. Therefore,the core of fighting against religious extremism in Xinjiang lies in the promotion of a correct value identity. The key breakthrough is to make a rational use of the conflicts between religious extremism and nationalistic separatism,to promote the recognition of the homogeneity of the Chinese culture,to adapt the relevant religions to our socialist society,to follow firmly the process of religious Sinolization,and to help the minority ethnic groups cultivate the value of＂China＇s five identities＂.