全纳教育理念下英国特殊教育教师培养及其启示

Teacher Training of British Special Education and its Enlightenment in View of Inclusive Education

英国特殊教育师资培养机制日渐成熟,从其培养的指导思想、培养目标、培养模式和课程设置等方面分析,得出"英国特殊教育教师培养全面贯彻全纳教育思想;普通教师特殊化、特殊教育协调员专业化;注重分层教学和个性化教学能力的培养;重视实践能力;重视开设家校合作课程"等特点。这为我国特殊教育师资发展提出四点启示:树立全纳教育理念,改变对特殊教育的固有观念;特殊教育师资培养分类化;突出对特殊教育教师实践能力的培养,丰富教育实践形式;重视协同教育能力,加强家校合作,使家长成为特殊教育的积极参与者和制定者。

The teacher training mechanism for special education in Britain has been gradually mature. By analyzing its guiding concepts, cultivation goal, cultivation mode and curriculum provision, these characteristics are presented： the fully implementation of the inclusive education ; the specialization of general teacher and the professionalization of SENCOs ; the focus on the stratified teaching and individual teaching; the attention to practice and the family - school cooperation curriculum and etc. Thus three enlightenments are achieved for the teachers＇ development in China＇ s special education. First, inclusive education concept should be set up instead of the existing concept on special education ; second, the cuhivation of the practical ability Of special education teachers should be focused on and the forms of education practice should be enriched; third, the cooperative education ability should be emphasized with family - school cooperation to enable the parents to become the participants and constitutors in special education.