国内外城市轨道交通运营补贴机制探析及建议

Analysis of Urban Mass Transit Subsidy Mechanism in the World and Corresponding Suggestions

城市轨道交通运营企业收入来源相对单一,仅依靠票务收入难以弥补运营全成本。因此城市轨道交通项目运营一般采取政府财政补贴的方法,以维持企业正常运营。国内外经验表明,合理的轨道交通补贴机制是轨道交通可持续发展的有效保障,是政府监管轨道交通运营的有力抓手,是促进轨道交通运营企业改善运营效率的持续动力。通过研究国内外不同城市轨道交通系统的补贴模式、补贴方法及补贴效果,分析不同补贴模式的优缺点及补贴模式面临的问题,针对我国城市轨道交通发展提出多元化补贴模式的建议。

Since the sources of income for urban mass transit operating enterprises are relatively simple,the total operating cost can not only be covered by ticket revenue. Therefor,the city government financial subsidy for urban mass transit operating enterprises is a routine way to maintain their daily operation. Experiences from China and other countries show that reason- able subsidy mechanism is an effective guarantee for the sus- tainable development of urban mass transit, an effective method for government supervision on urban mass transit operation, and also a sustained driving force to promote the enterprises to improve the operation efficiency. By studying different subsidy modes, methods and effects in the world, their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed, corresponding suggestions on ur- ban mass transit development in China are presented.