冷应激对水生动物代谢的影响及调控研究进展

Research progress on the effects, mechanisms, and control of cold stress in aquatic animals

冷应激严重影响水生动物的生理生化过程,致其代谢紊乱,乃至死亡。本文主要从能量代谢、蛋白质代谢、脂肪代谢和核酸代谢4个方面,综述冷应激对水生动物尤其是鱼类代谢的影响、机理、预防及调控研究进展,旨在深入研究冷应激对水生动物的影响,进一步探索其机理、预防和调控方法,抵御冷应激效应,减少低温特别是急剧降温对水生动物尤是鱼类的损害。未来应该从基因、分子、细胞、器官和整体水平,多层次全面深入地研究冷应激对水生动物代谢及其他方面的影响,特别应从分子和基因水平研究其机理,同时采取综合措施如改善养殖环境条件,培育耐寒品种,用基因工程技术改变鱼的耐寒遗传特性,在饲料中添加蛋白质、多不饱和脂肪酸、微量元素等提高鱼类的抗冷应激能力,降低养殖风险,发展可持续渔业。

Cold stress can cause metabolic disorders or death in aquatic organisms through severe effects on physiological and biochemical processes. The present paper reviewed the effects, mechanism, and control of the mechanisms of cold-stress effects and control of energy, protein, fat, and nucleic-acid metabolism in aquatic ani- mals, especially in fish, with the ultimate goal of reducing or preventing cold-stress related damage. Future studies should investigate these questions in a multidisciplinary fashion, incorporating molecular techniques to understand cold-stress effects on the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. Multiple measures are necessary to develop sus- tainable, lower-risk fisheries, including the improvement of environmental conditions, genetic engineering and breeding cold-resistant species, along with increasing cold-stress resistance through dietary （supplementation of proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, trace elements, and other nutrients）.