煤基固废与牲畜粪便固态发酵基质改良沙土的研究

The Amelioration of Sandy Soil Using the Solid Fermentation Mixture of the Based-coal Solid Waste and the Livestock Excrement

为了研究煤基固废与牲畜粪便混合固态发酵基质作为沙土肥料的特性,采用随机区组试验设计,将地质肥料与沙土混合并栽种植物,测定不同施肥处理的物理、化学、生物肥力指标和生产力水平共17个指标,应用方差分析和主成分分析等方法综合分析评价了不同施肥处理的肥力因子以及生产力水平,并对不同施肥处理的培肥效果进行了综合评定。结果表明:与沙土对照相比,不同地质肥料对土壤肥力因子的影响差异显著(P<0.05),能源草的总生物量增加了246.3%~566.4%,土壤容重下降了4.4%~9.5%,土壤速效钾、速效磷和氨氮分别增加了282.4.4%~424.7%、157.2%~296.2%和70.3%~288.0%。通过主成分分析综合评分显示,施用地质肥料处理得分值明显高于施用粪肥处理和未施肥处理对照,同时配施微生物菌剂的处理得分高于未配施微生物菌剂的处理。施用含30%煤基固废的地质肥料,同时配施微生物菌剂,可最大限度的改善沙土的理化特性,显著提高沙土的肥力。

In order to study the characteristics as geological fertilizer which are prepared by the based-coal solid waste and livestock manure for sandy soil of the mixture matrix, the randomized block experiment was designed on the mixture of geological fertilizer and sandy soil for plant growing, and 17 indexes of soil physical, chemical, biological, productivity properties were determined by different fertilizer treatments. By the analysis of variance and principal component analysis （PCA）, soil fertility factors and production level were analyzed and estimated with different fertilizer treatments. The results showed that compared with sandy soil control, a significant difference of the effect of geological fertilizer containing different based-coal solid waste concentration on soil fertility factors was observed （P〈0.05）, biomass increased by 246.3%-566.4%, soil bulk density reduced by 4.4%-9.5%, and soil available potassium, available phosphorus and ammonia increased by 282.4.4%-424.7%, 157.2%-296.2% and 70.3%-288.0%, respectively. Comprehensive score by PCA showed that compared with the control of both manure and sandy soil treatment, the score was much higher using geological fertilizer treatment, and the score using biological bacterial manure treatment was higher than the control. The combined application of geological fertilizer containing 30% based-coal solid waste and biological bacterial manure can improve effectively the properties of sandy soil,and increase fertilities of sandy soil.