农村基层民主自治制度的回归与重塑——以上海H镇“草根宪法”实践为例

The Return and Reconstruction of Rural Grassroots Democratic Self-Government System:A Case Study of “Grassroots Constitution” of H Town in Shanghai

村民自治在中国已有35年发展历程,并在规范民主选举、改变民主观念等方面取得实质性成效,极大地推动了农村基层政治的民主化进程。但村民自治在广大农村社会遭遇了前所未有的困境,包括主体困境、制度困境、发展困境等,严重影响了村民自治存在的合法性基础,农村基层民主自治制度发展陷入窘境,"自治已死"之声呼之欲出。然而,通过对上海H镇的考察分析发现,村民自治并没有伴随人们的质疑而消逝,而是以创造性的实践模式存在于中国农村社会。H镇的实践不仅推动了农村基层民主自治制度的深入发展,重塑了农村基层民主政治的权力结构,更开启了提升农村社会治理水平现代化的发展路径。

The villagers＇ self - government system, which is 35 years old in China, has made substantial progress in regulating the democratic election and changing the concept of democracy, and greatly promoted the democratization process of rural grass- roots politics. But it can＇t be denied that the system has encountered unprecedented dilemmas in the rural society, including the subjects dilemma, the system dilemma, and the development dilemma, which has seriously affected the legitimacy of the exist- ence of it. The development of rural grassroots democracy system is in a dilemma and ＂Autonomy is dead＂ is cried out. Howev- er, Based on the investigation to H town in Shanghai, this paper found that the villagers＇ self - government system has not disap- peared with people＇s questions, but exists in the rural society of China with the creative practice mode. Practice of H town not only promotes the in - depth development of rural grassroots democratic self - government system and reconstructs the power structure of rural grassroots democracy, but also opens up the development path of the modernization of rural social governance. The fact proves that villager＇s self - government as a basic level socialist mass autonomous system with Chinese characteristics is moving toward a new stage of development in its own unique way.