摘要
对新发现的越橘镰孢果腐病菌(Fusarium acuminatum)的生物学特性及药剂防治进行了研究。结果表明:病菌菌丝生长最适培养基为PSA培养基,产孢最适培养基为OA培养基,菌丝生长最适温度为20℃,产孢最适温度为21℃;菌丝生长和产孢的最佳碳源分别为麦芽糖和羧甲基纤维素钠,最佳氮源分别为酵母粉和尿素;pH 5~6适宜菌丝生长,pH 6产孢最佳;全黑暗条件有利于菌丝生长,但全光照有利于产孢;菌丝致死温度为51℃(10 min),分生孢子致死温度为67℃(10 min)。病菌生长因素正交试验结果表明温度对病菌生长的影响最大。采用生长速率法测定了病菌对21种杀菌剂的敏感性,结果表明:病菌对多粘类芽孢杆菌、蜡质芽孢杆菌、咯菌腈、丙环·嘧菌酯和枯草芽孢杆菌的敏感性较高,其EC50<0.5000 mg·L^(-1)。防效试验结果表明,咯菌腈和多粘类芽孢杆菌处理越橘镰孢菌果腐病的发病率和病斑直径均明显小于对照,防效较好,能有效控制该病害的发生。
The biological characteristics and fungicide control or-Fusarium acuminatum causing Fusarium fruit rot were studied. The results of biological characteristics showed that the optimal media for mycelium growth and spore production were PSA and OA, respectively. The optimal temperature was 20 ℃ for mycelium growth, and 21℃ for spore production. Maltose and CMC-Na were optimal carbon sources for mycelium growth and spore production, respectively. Yeast powder was optimal nitrogen source for mycelium growth, and urea was suitable for spore production. The optimum pH for mycelium growth was 5 to 6, and the optimal pH for spore production was 6. The full darkness was suitable for mycelium growth. Under full light condition, the pathogen could produce more abundant spores. The mycelial lethal temperature was at 51 ℃ for 10 min. The spore lethal temperature was at 67 ℃ for 10 min. The results of orthogonal test showed that temperature was the most important influence factor on colony diameter. The sensitivity of E acurninatum to 21 fungicides was detected by mycelium growth rate method. The results showed that the pathogen was more sensitive to Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus cereus, fludioxonil, propiconazole · azoxystrobin and B. subtilis (EC50 〈 0.5000 mg. L^-1) . The results of control effect experiment showed that fludioxonil and Paenibacillus polymyxa with lower disease incidence and lesion diameter had better control effects, and could effectively control Fusarium fruit rot on blueberry.
出处
《园艺学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第8期1589-1598,共10页
Acta Horticulturae Sinica
基金
山西省应用基础研究青年科技研究基金项目(201701D221191)
山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(J141702044
J141702045)