基于混合整数规划的电动汽车有序充电方法

Ordered charging method of electric vehicles based on mixed integer programming

提出了在满足电动汽车充电需求的基础上尽量降低充电站充电成本的有序充电控制策略。分析了电动汽车充电所需时间与用户给定时间的关系,结合用户所需充电量,以充电站电费成本与电动汽车充电欠缺量惩罚费用之和最小为目标函数,以充电功率以及充电电量为约束,根据运营模式不同分别建立了充电过程中可更换充电机与不可更换充电机的数学模型。通过仿真模拟充电站2天内电动汽车的充电需求,基于混合整数规划和启发式快速算法求解数学模型,得到2天中充电站的充电决策矩阵和每辆电动汽车的充电欠缺量,验证了所提有序充电控制策略的可行性。仿真结果表明:与无序充电方案相比,有序充电控制策略可以更好地利用充电站的资源为用户服务,有效地降低了充电成本,并且有助于电网负荷的削峰填谷。

An ordered charging control strategy is proposed to reduce the charging cost of charging stations as far as possible,which ensures that the EV（Electric Vehicle） charging demand is satisfied. The relationship between EV charging time and owner requirement is analyzed,and with the consideration of charging energy that the owner required,the mathematical models of two operation modes,i.e. replaceable charger and nonreplaceable charger in charging process,are established respectively,which takes the minimum sum of charging station cost and penalty cost of EV charging power shortage as the objective function and the charging power and energy as the constraints. The EV charging demands in two days are simulated and the mathematical models are solved by mixed integer programming and heuristic fast algorithm to obtain the charging decision matrix and charging power shortages of each EV in the two days,which verifies the feasibility of the proposed ordered charging control strategy. Simulative results show that,the proposed ordered charging control strategy can take advantage of the charging station resources better than the disordered charging scheme,reduce the charging cost effectively and contribute to peak-load shifting.